Fig. 3

Assessment of EV enrichment and purity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) visualisation of the EVs separated from human plasma at a 10,000 × magnification (scale bar 500nm) and b 30,000 × magnification (scale bar 100nm), white arrow identifying a representative EV. c Ponceau and Western blot analysis of d EV surface markers (CD63, CD9 and CD81) and cargo markers (HSP70, TSG101 and syntenin), and e the most commonly co-separated contaminants (GM130, albumin, Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein B and Apolipoprotein E) following loading of 5 μg of sample from each separation method and unprocessed plasma. f Ponceau and g Western blot analysis of EV surface markers (CD63, CD9 and CD81) and lipoproteins (Apolipoprotein B and Apolipoprotein E) following loading of 40 μL of sample from precipitation (both with and without proteinase K (pK)) and size exclusion chromatrography plus unprocessed plasma (4 μL diluted 1:10). Representative images are shown